Tax Brackets & Rates
Each year, the IRS adjusts various tax code parameters for inflation. This prevents “bracket creep,” where taxpayers are moved into higher income brackets or experience decreased value from credits and deductions due to inflation rather than actual income increases.
For tax year 2025, several key adjustments and provisions are notable. Here’s a brief overview of the changes and other relevant information that will impact how your taxable income is calculated for this year.
The tax year 2025 adjustments outlined below generally apply to income tax returns filed in the tax season of 2026.
- Standard Deductions have increased for all filing statuses, with notable rises for Single, Married Filing Jointly, and Head of Household categories.
- Marginal Tax Rates have varied income thresholds for each bracket, though rates themselves have remained consistent, with the top rate at 37%.
- Alternative Minimum Tax Exemptions have increased, with higher income phase-out thresholds.
- Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) offer higher maximum credit values, particularly for those with three or more children.
- Qualified Transportation Fringe Benefits and Health Flexible Spending Accounts see increased contribution limits.
- Medical Savings Accounts have updated limits for deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses for both self-only and family coverage.
- Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and Estate and Gift Tax exclusions have been increased.
- Adoption Credit has seen an increase in the maximum allowable credit for adopting a child with special needs.
Some items remain unchanged, such as personal exemptions, limitations on itemized deductions, and thresholds for phasing out the Lifetime Learning Credit.
These inflation-related adjustments and provisions will guide taxpayers’ reporting and planning strategies for the upcoming tax year.
2024 Tax Brackets and Rates
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $11,600 | $0 – $23,200 | $0 – $11,600 | $0 – $16,550 | |
12% | $11,601 – $47,150 | $23,201 – $94,300 | $11,601 – $47,150 | $16,551 – $63,100 | |
22% | $47,151 – $100,525 | $94,301 – $201,050 | $47,151 – $100,525 | $63,101 – $100,500 | |
24% | $100,526 – $191,950 | $201,051 – $383,900 | $100,526 to $191,950 | $100,501 – $191,950 | |
32% | $191,951 – $243,725 | $383,901 – $487,450 | $191,951– $243,725 | $191,951 – $243,700 | |
35% | $243,726 – $609,350 | $487,451 – $731,200 | $243,726 – $365,600 | $243,701 – $609,350 | |
37% | $609,350 or more | $731,200 or more | $365,600 or more | $609,350 or more |
2024 Standard Deduction
Filing Status | Deduction Amount | |
---|---|---|
Single | $14,600 | |
Head of Household (HOH) | $21,900 | |
Married Filing Jointly (MFJ) | $29,200 | |
Married Filing Separately (MFS) | $14,600 |
Deductions are somewhat more complicated. Many taxpayers claim the standard deduction, which varies depending on filing status, as shown in the table below.
Some taxpayers, however, may choose to itemize their deductions. This means subtracting certain eligible expenses and expenditures. Possible deductions include those for student loan interest payments, contributions to an IRA, moving expenses and health-insurance contributions for self-employed persons. The most common itemized deductions also include:
- Deduction for state and local taxes paid. Also known as the SALT deduction, it allows taxpayers to deduct up to $10,000 of any state and local property taxes plus either their state and local income taxes or sales taxes.
- Deduction for mortgage interest paid. Interest paid on the mortgages for up to two homes, and a total of $1,000,000 in debt can be subtracted. Homes purchased after Dec. 15, 2017 will have this lowered to the first $750,000 of the mortgage.
- Deduction for charitable contributions.
- Deduction for medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of AGI. (Note that the income threshold was 10% until the new tax plan changed it to 7.5%.)
Keep in mind that most taxpayers don’t itemize their deductions. If the standard deduction is larger than the sum of your itemized deductions (as it is for many taxpayers), you receive the standard deduction.
Once you have subtracted deductions from your adjusted gross income, you have your taxable income. If your taxable income is zero, that means you do not owe any income tax.
Future year Brackets & Rates
2025 Tax Brackets and Rates
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $11,925 | $0 – $23,850 | $0 – $11,925 | $0 – $17,000 | |
12% | $11,926 – $48,475 | $23,851 – $96,950 | $11,926 – $48,475 | $17,001 – $64,850 | |
22% | $48,476 – $103,350 | $96,951 – $206,700 | $48,476 – $103,350 | $64,851 – $103,350 | |
24% | $103,351 – $197,300 | $206,701 – $394,600 | $103,351 to $197,300 | $103,351 – $197,300 | |
32% | $197,301 – $250,525 | $394,601 – $501,050 | $197,301– $250,525 | $197,300 – $250,500 | |
35% | $250,526 – $626,350 | $501,050 – $751,600 | $250,526 – $375,800 | $250,501 – $626,350 | |
37% | $626,350 or more | $751,600 or more | $375,800 or more | $626,350 or more |
2024 Standard Deduction
Filing Status | Deduction Amount | |
---|---|---|
Single | $15,600 | |
Head of Household (HOH) | $22,500 | |
Married Filing Jointly (MFJ) | $30,000 | |
Married Filing Separately (MFS) | $15,600 |
Previous years Standard Deductions
2023 Standard Deduction
Filing Status | Deduction Amount | |
---|---|---|
Single | $13,850 | |
Head of Household (HOH) | $20,800 | |
Married Filing Jointly (MFJ) | $27,700 | |
Married Filing Separately (MFS) | $13,850 |
2022 Standard Deduction
Filing Status | Deduction Amount | |
---|---|---|
Single | $12,950 | |
Head of Household (HOH) | $19,400 | |
Married Filing Jointly (MFJ) | $25,900 | |
Married Filing Separately (MFS) | $12,950 |
Previous years Brackets & Rates
2023 Tax Brackets and Rates
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $11,000 | $0 – $22,000 | $0 – $11,000 | $0 – $15,700 | |
12% | $11,001 – $44,725 | $22,001 – $89,450 | $11,001 – $44,725 | $15,701 – $59,850 | |
22% | $44,726 – $95,375 | $89,451 – $190,750 | $44,726 – $95,375 | $59,851 – $95,350 | |
24% | $95,376 – $182,100 | $190,751 – $364,200 | $95,376 to $182,100 | $95,351 – $182,100 | |
32% | $182,101 – $231,250 | $364,201 – $462,500 | $182,101 – $231,250 | $182,101 – $231,250 | |
35% | $231,251 – $578,125 | $462,501 – $693,750 | $231,251 – $34,6875 | $231,251 – $578,100 | |
37% | $578,125 or more | $693,750 or more | $346,875 or more | $578,100 or more |
2022 Tax Brackets and Rates
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $10,275 | $0 – $20,550 | $0 – $10,275 | $0 – $14,650 | |
12% | $10,276 – $41,775 | $20,551 – $83,550 | $10,276 – $41,775 | $14,651 – $55,900 | |
22% | $41,776 – $89,075 | $83,551 – $178,150 | $41,776 – $89,075 | $55,901 – $89,050 | |
24% | $89,076 – $170,050 | $178,151 – $340,100 | $89,076 to $170,050 | $89,051 – $170,050 | |
32% | $170,051 – $215,950 | $340,100 – $431,900 | $170,051 – $215,950 | $170,051 – $215,950 | |
35% | $215,951 – $539,900 | $430,901 – $647,850 | $215,951 – $323,925 | $215,951 – $539,900 | |
37% | $539,901 or more | $647,851 or more | $323,926 or more | $539,901 or more |
2021 Tax Brackets and Rates
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $9,950 | Up to $19,900 | $0 to $9,875 | Up to $14,200 | |
12% | $9,951 to $40,525 | $19,901 to $81,050 | $9,876 to $40,125 | $14,201 to $54,200 | |
22% | $40,526 to $86,375 | $81,051 to $172,750 | $40,126 to $85,525 | $54,201 to $86,350 | |
24% | $86,376 to $164,925 | $172,751 to $329,850 | $85,526 to $163,300 | $86,351 to $164,900 | |
32% | $164,926 to $209,425 | $329,851 to $418,850 | $163,301 to $207,350 | $164,901 to $209,400 | |
35% | $209,426 to $523,600 | $418,851 to $628,300 | $207,351 to $311,025 | $209,401 to $523,600 | |
37% | Over $523,600 | Over $628,300 | Over $311,026 | Over $523,600 |
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $9,950 | Up to $19,900 | $0 to $9,875 | Up to $14,200 | |
12% | $9,951 to $40,525 | $19,901 to $81,050 | $9,876 to $40,125 | $14,201 to $54,200 | |
22% | $40,526 to $86,375 | $81,051 to $172,750 | $40,126 to $85,525 | $54,201 to $86,350 | |
24% | $86,376 to $164,925 | $172,751 to $329,850 | $85,526 to $163,300 | $86,351 to $164,900 | |
32% | $164,926 to $209,425 | $329,851 to $418,850 | $163,301 to $207,350 | $164,901 to $209,400 | |
35% | $209,426 to $523,600 | $418,851 to $628,300 | $207,351 to $311,025 | $209,401 to $523,600 | |
37% | Over $523,600 | Over $628,300 | Over $311,026 | Over $523,600 |
Rates | Single (Unmarried) | Married Filed Jointly (MFJ) OR Qualifying Widow |
Married Filed Separately (MFS) | Head of Households (HOH) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10% | Up to $9,950 | Up to $19,900 | $0 to $9,875 | Up to $14,200 | |
12% | $9,951 to $40,525 | $19,901 to $81,050 | $9,876 to $40,125 | $14,201 to $54,200 | |
22% | $40,526 to $86,375 | $81,051 to $172,750 | $40,126 to $85,525 | $54,201 to $86,350 | |
24% | $86,376 to $164,925 | $172,751 to $329,850 | $85,526 to $163,300 | $86,351 to $164,900 | |
32% | $164,926 to $209,425 | $329,851 to $418,850 | $163,301 to $207,350 | $164,901 to $209,400 | |
35% | $209,426 to $523,600 | $418,851 to $628,300 | $207,351 to $311,025 | $209,401 to $523,600 | |
37% | Over $523,600 | Over $628,300 | Over $311,026 | Over $523,600 |